EU-MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LIBERALIZING AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

The paper discusses the relevance of migration in the course of the forthcoming eastern enlargement of the EU focusing on the liberalization of the agricultural markets. The technical basis of this research is represented by the general equilibrium model GTAP comprising a survey of existing applications and own calculations including migration.Labor and Human Capital,

EU-Trade Agreements - What Are They Dealing With?

International Relations/Trade,

Der Markt f�r Milch

Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,

EU-Migration in the Context of Liberalizing Agricultural Markets

In the last decades migration has become an increasingly regarded topic in economic research in line with the growth of the world's migrant population which more than doubled in the 1960s and 1990s (ILO 2002). Particularly now - in the light of the forthcoming EU Eastern enlargement with 10 middle and eastern European countries accessing the Union - migration gains importance in research even more. With respect to these future developments several studies have been carried out analyzing various issues, like migration incentives or future migration flows in an enlarged EU. Regarding the forthcoming heavy adjustments of Eastern agriculture to the EU's CAP strong impacts not only on agriculture but also on the labor markets will occur. In order to reflect the economic developments in the candidate as well as in the current EU member countries as realistic as possible the simulations carried out in this paper comprise a very detailed modeling of the agricultural market and furthermore incorporate migration flows. The purpose of the different simulations is to point out the relevance of migration issues in the course of regional integration and its influence on the different production sectors.Migration, EU Eastern enlargement, GTAP, Labor and Human Capital,

How Far Has Africa Come in Reducing its Anti-agricultural Policy Bias?

For decades, earnings from farming in many African countries have been depressed by own-country policies such as export restrictions on cash crop products, as well as by governments of richer countries favoring their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies have reduced national and global economic welfare, inhibited agricultural trade and economic growth, and may well have added to income inequality and poverty in Africa. During the past two decades, however, numerous African country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while some high-income countries also have begun reducing market-distorting aspects of their farm policies. This paper provides new estimates of the changing extent of policy distortions to prices faced by African farmers over the past half century. It compares that pattern with similar estimates from Asia and Latin America, before discussing prospects for further pro-poor policy reform of agricultural price and trade policies.distorted incentives, export taxes in Africa, agricultural and trade policy reforms

Measuring distortions to agricultural incentives, revisited

Notwithstanding the tariffication component of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, import tariffs on farm products continue to provide an incomplete indication of the extent to which agricultural producer and consumer incentives are distorted in national markets. Especially in developing countries, non-agricultural policies indirectly impact agricultural and food markets. Empirical analysis aimed at monitoring distortions to agricultural incentives thus need to examine both agricultural and non-agricultural policy measures including import or export taxes, subsidies and quantitative restrictions, plus domestic taxes or subsidies on farm outputs or inputs and consumer subsidies for food staples. This paper addresses the practical methodological issues that need to be faced when attempting to undertake such a measurement task in developing countries. The approach is illustrated in two ways: by presenting estimates of nominal and relative rates of assistance to farmers in China for the period 1981 to 2005; and by summarizing estimates from an economy-wide computable general equilibrium model of the effects on agricultural versus non-agricultural markets of the project's measured distortions globally as of 2004.Agribusiness,Economic Theory&Research,Emerging Markets,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Debt Markets

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF LATIN AMERICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES

Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF ASIAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES

Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,

Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives

distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES

Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18,